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	<title>食品 - TA仪器</title>
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		<title>流变学，易如反掌</title>
		<link>https://www.tainstruments.com.cn/%e6%b5%81%e5%8f%98%e5%ad%a6%ef%bc%8c%e6%98%93%e5%a6%82%e5%8f%8d%e6%8e%8c/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=%25e6%25b5%2581%25e5%258f%2598%25e5%25ad%25a6%25ef%25bc%258c%25e6%2598%2593%25e5%25a6%2582%25e5%258f%258d%25e6%258e%258c</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Juli Varvarezis]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 14 Mar 2024 20:47:36 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[流变]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[食品]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>技术的发展日新月异。无论您是升级旧设备还是为您的工作台添加新技术，使用尖端仪器都一定会提高您实验室的效率和成果。新型仪器可提供更可靠的数据和更先进的功能，这对于始终立足于材料创新前沿而言至关重要。</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.tainstruments.com.cn/%e6%b5%81%e5%8f%98%e5%ad%a6%ef%bc%8c%e6%98%93%e5%a6%82%e5%8f%8d%e6%8e%8c/">流变学，易如反掌</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.tainstruments.com.cn">TA仪器</a>.</p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="wpb-content-wrapper"><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid dt-default" style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_inner vc_row-fluid"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper">
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			<h2><strong>流变学，易如反掌</strong></h2>

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			<p><strong> Jennifer Vail | Mark Staub | Morgan Ulrich</strong><br />
 2024 年 3 月 14 日</p>

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<p>我喜欢在厨房里做实验，尤其是烘焙和甜点。为庆祝圆周率 (Pi) 日，让我们把科学和实验带进厨房，用流变仪对馅饼面团和馅料作一番实验。</p>
<p>如果您尝试过制作馅饼，就会知道，温度对于面团至关重要，在使用黄油时尤其如此。冷黄油会使饼皮呈薄片状，因为当冷黄油进入温暖的烤箱时，它会升温、释放出蒸汽并形成气孔，从而形成柔软、完美的饼皮。烘烤前过度软化黄油会导致饼皮坚硬且难以下咽。大多数食谱都警告不要将面团加热到 72 °F 以上；如果您的烤箱将厨房加热到接近 80 °F，您就要当心黄油了。</p>
<p>不过，冷面团也会带来问题。如果面团低于室温，它就会变脆，在试图擀开时面皮会破裂。这就是食谱规定将面团在室温下放置一小段时间的原因，这样面团在成型和烘烤前就不会太热或太冷。</p>
<p>作为科学家，我们决定使用流变仪来测量馅饼面团和覆盆子馅料在准备和烘焙过程中实际发生的情况。流变仪测量材料的流动特性，您可以了解不同的条件如何影响刚度和流动等特性。<!-- wpml:html_fragment </div>



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			<div class="vc_single_image-wrapper   vc_box_border_grey"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="2560" height="1707" src="https://www.tainstruments.com.cn/wp-content/uploads/AdobeStock_528242329-scaled.jpeg" class="vc_single_image-img attachment-full" alt="Cherry pie" title="sour cherry pie in baking dish" srcset="https://www.tainstruments.com.cn/wp-content/uploads/AdobeStock_528242329-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https://www.tainstruments.com.cn/wp-content/uploads/AdobeStock_528242329-300x200.jpeg 300w, https://www.tainstruments.com.cn/wp-content/uploads/AdobeStock_528242329-1024x683.jpeg 1024w, https://www.tainstruments.com.cn/wp-content/uploads/AdobeStock_528242329-768x512.jpeg 768w, https://www.tainstruments.com.cn/wp-content/uploads/AdobeStock_528242329-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w, https://www.tainstruments.com.cn/wp-content/uploads/AdobeStock_528242329-2048x1365.jpeg 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px"  data-dt-location="https://www.tainstruments.com.cn/%e6%b5%81%e5%8f%98%e5%ad%a6%ef%bc%8c%e6%98%93%e5%a6%82%e5%8f%8d%e6%8e%8c/sour-cherry-pie-in-baking-dish-2/" /></div>
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<h4>应变扫描</h4>
<p> 应变 (或振幅) 扫描用于表征粘弹性材料的变形。大多数粘弹性材料的物理特性在达到临界应变水平之前都不会受到应变的影响。低于此临界水平被称为<a href="https://www.tainstruments.com/applications-notes/determining-the-linear-viscoelastic-region-in-oscillatory-measurements/?utm_source=TA-blog&amp;utm_medium=pi-day&amp;utm_campaign=RH107">线性粘弹性区 (LVR)</a>，应力与应变存在明显的线性关系。超过该临界应变水平，材料的行为为非线性，储能模量会下降。<!-- wpml:html_fragment </div>



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			<div class="vc_single_image-wrapper   vc_box_border_grey"><img decoding="async" width="8000" height="4501" src="https://www.tainstruments.com.cn/wp-content/uploads/Pi-Charts-2024-05.png" class="vc_single_image-img attachment-full" alt="Strain sweep of pie crust" title="Pi Charts 2024-05" srcset="https://www.tainstruments.com.cn/wp-content/uploads/Pi-Charts-2024-05.png 8000w, https://www.tainstruments.com.cn/wp-content/uploads/Pi-Charts-2024-05-300x169.png 300w, https://www.tainstruments.com.cn/wp-content/uploads/Pi-Charts-2024-05-1024x576.png 1024w, https://www.tainstruments.com.cn/wp-content/uploads/Pi-Charts-2024-05-768x432.png 768w, https://www.tainstruments.com.cn/wp-content/uploads/Pi-Charts-2024-05-1536x864.png 1536w, https://www.tainstruments.com.cn/wp-content/uploads/Pi-Charts-2024-05-2048x1152.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 8000px) 100vw, 8000px"  data-dt-location="https://www.tainstruments.com.cn/%e6%b5%81%e5%8f%98%e5%ad%a6%ef%bc%8c%e6%98%93%e5%a6%82%e5%8f%8d%e6%8e%8c/pi-charts-2024-05-2/" /></div><figcaption class="vc_figure-caption">Strain sweep of pie crust</figcaption>
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<p>就馅饼皮而言，如果您开始看到擀开的面团中出现裂纹， 这意味着饼皮超出了由 LVR 确定的临界应变水平。面团的储能模量和损耗模量随温度的升高而降低，升温会让面团变得更加柔韧，因此解冻的面团可以承受更大的力而不会变脆和开裂。将面团升至室温后，您需要在擀面杖上施加更大的力才能达到临界应变水平并产生裂缝。<!-- wpml:html_fragment </div>



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<p>如果超出了馅饼馅料的临界应变水平，结构就会破裂。这显然是在我们吃馅饼时发生的情形，但大多数面包师不希望馅料在食用前破裂！<!-- wpml:html_fragment </div>



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<h4>频率扫描</h4>
<p><a href="https://www.tainstruments.com/pdf/literature/AAN016_V1_U_StructFluids.pdf"> 频率扫描</a>在恒定的振荡幅度和温度下以一系列振荡频率测试样品。我们对饼皮进行的频率扫描表明，在较低温度下，饼皮“更硬”，具有更高的储能模量。因此，在馅饼制作过程中更容易破裂。因此，配方和包装盒上总是标明，一定要让饼皮回温至室温，然后再进行擀制和成型。<!-- wpml:html_fragment </div>



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<p>覆盆子馅饼的频率扫描显示出类似的趋势，但由于其结构较弱，损耗模量要低得多。<!-- wpml:html_fragment </div>



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<h4>流动温度斜坡</h4>
<p> 流动温度斜坡测量由温度变化而引起的粘度变化。馅饼馅料的流动温度斜坡表明，馅料在低温下的粘度要高得多，这意味着此时的馅料更为粘稠。不过，馅料的粘度会随着加热而下降，在 10 至 35 °C 之间变得更加粘软。<!-- wpml:html_fragment </div>



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<p>然而，粘度会在 40 °C 后趋于稳定，流动性不会持续增加。这种现象是由于馅饼中的增稠剂造成的。因此，切开热气腾腾的馅饼时馅料就不会到处流淌。<!-- wpml:html_fragment </div>



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<h4>流变学的温馨时刻</h4>
<p> 从流变学的角度来看，馅饼的烘焙说明和结果就更有意义。馅饼皮经过细心解冻后，会从脆而冷的状态变为更具延展性的质地，而且不会融化黄油。馅料中含有玉米淀粉和其他增稠剂，即使在高温下也可让馅料保持粘度。虽然圆周率是无理数，但当我们深入研究馅饼的流变时，我们最喜欢的馅饼配方就变得更加合乎逻辑。<!-- wpml:html_fragment </div>



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			<h3>其他资源 </h3>

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<li>应用说明 &#8211; <a href="https://www.tainstruments.com/applications-notes/determine-viscoelasticity-and-spreadability-of-cream-cheese/">测定奶油干酪的粘弹性和涂抹性</a></li>
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</div><p>The post <a href="https://www.tainstruments.com.cn/%e6%b5%81%e5%8f%98%e5%ad%a6%ef%bc%8c%e6%98%93%e5%a6%82%e5%8f%8d%e6%8e%8c/">流变学，易如反掌</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.tainstruments.com.cn">TA仪器</a>.</p>]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
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